Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage1
Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.
Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.
The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.
1. The passage is mainly about____.
A) the uses of life preservers
B) the design of life preservers
C) the materials for life preservers
D) the buoyancy of life preservers
2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.
A) adjustable
B) comfortable
C) self-evident
D) self-righting
3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.
A) with as few strings as possible
B) capable of being worn on both sides
C) according to each wearer's size
D) comfortable and light to wear
4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.
A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver
B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver
C) who uses a life preserver without permission
D) who becomes nervous before a disaster
5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?
A) The waves would move him backwards.
B) The water would choke him.
C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.
D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.
Passage2
Ascientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist as asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer:those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increase may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on other things.” Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked.
The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conductive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
6.If a scientist wants to study consumer behavior, what must he do
A) He must predict the way in which consumers will spend their money.
B) He must do scientific research.
C) He must know background of customers.
D) He must do research and learn the resources and motives of customers.
7.Which of the following groups borrow money most according to traditional assumption
A) People with rising incomes.
B) People with stable incomes.
C) People with declining incomes.
D) None of the above.
8.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A) Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable.
B) The condition that most helps to produce spending appears to be price rising.
C) Maintaining stable prices is a common business policy.
D) The results of the investigation in America were not the same as those in Great Britain.
9.The research survey in America have showed that when the prices rise, ____.
A) people will hasten to buy
B) people will stop buying
C) people will postpone their purchase
D) people will buy more than they can use
10.The saving and spending patterns in America are ____ those at the same time in Britain.
A) different from
B) much better than
C) the same as
D) much worse than
Passage3
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.
You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
11.The stages of sleep take on ____.
A) an irregular aspect.
B) a regular aspect
C) a punctual aspect
D) a similar aspect
12.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.
A) about 80 minutes
B) about 4060 minutes
C) about 30 munutes
D) about 2040 minutes
13.The brain waves are the slowest during ____.
A) stage 1
B) stage 2 and stage 3
C) stage 4
D) REM sleep
14.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____.
A) glare
B) move rapidly or suddenly
C) stop moving
D) gaze
15.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.
A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutes
B) you have the deepest sleep
C) there are no brain waves
D) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little active
【参考答案】
1-5 BDCAD 6-10 DCBCA 11- 15 BDCBD
【参考解析】
1. 【解析】B 文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。间接题型段首主旨题。C项和D项都是对救生衣设计中设计材料的说明。A项为陷阱，指救生衣的用途，尽管开头提到，但范围不着边际。故只有B是正确选项。
2. 【解析】D 根据文章，救生衣首先会自动扶正。事实细节题。本文第三段主要讨论救生衣落水位置，应设计的能“自动扶正”,或稍向后仰。B项是对材料的描述，范围太窄，而A和C不合题意，因此D是正确答案。
3. 【解析】C 美国海岸巡逻队不需要救生衣根据穿戴者的尺寸生产。事实细节题。A项和B项都涉及method，其相关部分见最后一段第三句，A，B，D三项都是文章中提及的，C项与本题无关的内容，因此应该选C。
4. 【解析】A “the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。语义指代题。根据文章最后一段第一句，我们可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正确选项。
5. 【解析】D 如果一个人没有正确使用救生衣，就会发生什么?细节辨别题。第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本题中的 in a wrong position相对应。因此选项D“他可能太累了或者是已经失去知觉”是正确答案。
6.【解析】D 这是一个寻找具体信息的题。见第一句话:“ 一个科学家要研究经济心理学,要预测顾客花钱的方式,必须研究顾客行为。”第二句话说明了如何研究的。“他必须获得 两手资料,一是消费者的财力,二是消费者的动机。”显然本题选D最为合适。
7.【解析】C 做本题时要仔细区分文中提到了两种说法,一种是传统认识, 一种是1947—1950年的回答。本题问的是传统认为,根据文章第二段第一句话应选C:“一般认为收入偏低的人越爱借钱。”如果是问从1947—1950 年的答案来看,则应选A,在那段时间收入高的人最爱借钱。
8.【解析】B 此题既可用直接法也可用排除法。如用直接法 , 从最后一段中间一句可以找到答案。文章谈到“有助于消费的情况是价格稳定,”而B却说是“价格增长” 与文章说 法不一致,故选B。如用排除法,A说“传统关于收支说法不总是可靠的”,可在第二段中间找 到答案。C说“ 保持价格平稳是常见的商业政策”可在最后一句找到答案。D项较难判断。 文中第二段说调查表明传统说法与现在调查不相符,在第三段开头说明了这是美国情况。然 后下一句又说英国调查却与传统说法相符,因此我们可以说英,美的结果不相同。 既然A,C,D 均能从文中找到根据,自然B便是答案了。
9.【解析】C 此题问当价格上涨时,人们会怎样。 文中通过 机械师一家的表现回答了这个问题。机械师一家本准备购买一辆新车,但他们延迟了购买。 用他太太的话说:“几个月 后我们将花更多的钱买肉和牛奶, 但其他方面花的钱却要少些了。”这说明当价格上涨时, 人们会推迟购物,故选C。
10.【解析】A 回答此题的中间项是关于收入和消费的传统看 法。 美国的调查结果与传统说法不相符,而英国却一致,因此美国和英国的调查结果是不同的, 至于说到哪好哪坏,文中 没有提到,故此题选A。
11.【解析】B 文章的第二句告诉我们睡眠的不同阶段是周期性发生的，故睡眠的各阶段呈现规则的一面。
12.【解析】D 根据文章可知一个睡眠周期大约是 80分钟，而stage 4 sleep是睡眠的最后阶段，它发生在入睡后大约40至60分钟时，据此可推出stage 4 sleep持续20至40分钟。
13.【解析】C 文章第一段倒数第四句说“睡得越深，脑电波就越慢”，而 stage 4 sleep 是睡得最深的，故脑电波也是最慢的。
14.【解析】B dart的后文说“眼睛好像看着发生在眼前的事”，又说“这种快速移动眼睛的阶段叫 REM sleep”，据此可知dart意为move quickly or suddenly(飞快地移动)。glare怒目而视;gaze凝视。
15.【解析】D 从第二段第一、二句可知大脑运动水平会再度略有提高，而 delta波消失， 取代的是脑电波运动图形。据此可知脑电波变得快了一点，大脑活跃些。而大的缓波和睡得 最深是 stage 4 sleep的特征，rapid for the first few minutes是stage 1 sleep的特征，整个睡眠阶段都是有脑电波的，故A，B和C皆错。
